Basic Theophylline Information

• INN (International Nonproprietary Name): Theophylline
• Brand names available in Australia: Uniphyllin, Theosar, Theophylline
• ATC Code: R03DA
• Forms & dosages: Tablets, Liquid
• Manufacturers in Australia: Various including local pharmacies
• Registration status in Australia: Approved
• OTC / Rx classification: Available over-the-counter (OTC)

Morning Vs Evening Dosing

Finding a steady dosing routine with theophylline can seamlessly blend into the busy lives of Australians. Many individuals lead balanced lifestyles, juggling work and family commitments. A consistent dosing schedule helps in managing the medication effectively, whether taken in the morning or evening. Maintaining regular dosing at the same times each day maximises therapeutic benefits and can help avoid any peaks or troughs in drug levels. For instance, those who work regular hours might find morning dosing more convenient, allowing the medication to be taken alongside breakfast. Alternatively, evening dosing can suit others better, especially for those who have evenings free to manage any potential side effects. Tailoring the schedule to fit individual routines fosters adherence and helps in optimising theophylline’s effectiveness.

Taking With Or Without Meals

Meal timing plays a critical role in the absorption and efficacy of theophylline. The presence of food in the stomach can impact how well this medication is absorbed. It is important to note that taking theophylline with meals may reduce the likelihood of gastrointestinal upset, which some individuals experience. To incorporate theophylline effectively into daily meals:

• Plan to take theophylline with food if experiencing nausea.
• Maintain a consistent meal schedule to ensure a steady absorption rate.
• Avoid heavy or fatty meals right before dosing as they might delay absorption.
• If taking the liquid formulation, mixing it with a small amount of food may make it easier to ingest.

Safety Priorities

When considering the safety of theophylline usage, it’s crucial to identify who should steer clear of this medication. According to TGA guidelines, certain populations are specifically advised against the use of theophylline, and this guidance is rooted in substantial medical rationale.

Firstly, individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to theophylline or the excipients in its formulation should avoid it to prevent severe allergic reactions. Additionally, those with significant heart conditions, such as arrhythmias, are cautioned against its use due to the potential for theophylline to exacerbate these issues.

Furthermore, patients with uncontrolled seizure disorders are advised to steer clear of theophylline, as it can potentially lower the seizure threshold. The medication's effects on liver function necessitate caution for individuals suffering from liver impairment, as theophylline is processed in the liver. Lastly, pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consider alternative treatments, given the uncertain effects of theophylline on both mother and child.

Activities to Limit

While undergoing theophylline therapy, it's advisable to be mindful of specific activities that should be minimised. The side effects of theophylline, which can include dizziness and increased heart rate, necessitate caution.

Driving or operating heavy machinery is a significant concern. A sudden drowsiness event or pronounced side effects could have serious implications, posing safety risks not only to the individual but also to others.

Engaging in high-intensity physical activities may also require vigilance, as the increased heart rate and potential for muscle tremors can interfere with optimal performance and safety. Lastly, combining theophylline with other stimulants, like caffeine, can amplify side effects, and it's prudent to limit such combinations for clarity of mind and steadiness in movements. Keeping these limitations in mind ensures the management process is as safe and effective as possible.

Dosage & Adjustments

General Regimen

When using theophylline, it's crucial to follow standard dosing protocols highlighted by PBS-listed guidelines. Generally, the dose for adults is tailored based on weight and specific health conditions. Routine monitoring by healthcare providers is essential, as plasma levels of theophylline can significantly affect patient outcomes.

Important considerations include:

• Doses typically commence low, gradually increasing to a therapeutic range of 10-20 mg/L.
• Regular blood tests are recommended to check theophylline levels.
• Patients should be monitored for side effects and efficacy, adjusting doses as necessary.

Overall, proper management ensures efficiency and safety, minimising risks of toxicity.

Special Cases

Adjustments in dosage for special populations significantly enhance theophylline's effectiveness. In the elderly, physiological changes can affect drug metabolism, necessitating a lower starting dose.

When managing Indigenous health contexts, comorbidities like cardiovascular issues or respiratory conditions should be taken into account. Factors to consider include:

• Renal function assessment is crucial—dose adjustments may be needed.
• Elderly patients should have theophylline levels assessed more frequently due to varying clearance rates.
• Indigenous populations might experience different responses due to genetic factors or lifestyle, warranting tailored regimens.

Ultimately, a similar mindset for dosage adjustments is vital for managing these unique health challenges effectively.

Delivery Information